使用maven快速入门

Maven 基础知识

官网: 传送门html

Maven 项目结构java

$ MavenProject
|-- pom.xml
|-- src
|   |-- main
|   |   `-- java
|   |   `-- resources
|   `-- test
|   |   `-- java
|   |   `-- resources
`-- README.md

POM文件

  • POM文件表明 工程对象模型(Project Object Model)它是使用Maven工做的基本组件,位于工程根目录。
  • POM文件支持继承
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
        <module>mscx-ad-discovery</module>
        <module>mscx-ad-zuul</module>
        <module>mscx-ad-gateway</module>
        <module>mscx-ad-discovery-nacos</module>
        <module>mscx-ad-common</module>
        <module>mscx-ad-db</module>
        <module>mscx-ad-sponsor</module>
        <module>mscx-ad-search</module>
        <module>mscx-ad-feign-sdk</module>
    </modules>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.sxzhongf</groupId>
    <artifactId>mscx-ad</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>分布式广告系统</name>
    <description>基于Spring Cloud Alibaba 实现的分布式广告系统</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <!--定义远程maven仓库-->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>alibaba</id>
            <name>ali Milestones</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

Maven 坐标

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Maven Dependency

Maven思想 是 约定大于配置,默认依赖中,scope 是compile.

Scope类型

  • compile(会被打包到当前project)spring

    表示被依赖的package参与当前project的编译,包含后续的测试,运行周期都会参与,是一个强依赖。
  • testapache

    表示被依赖的jar 仅参与测试相关的处理,包裹测试代码的编译,执行。(如junit)
  • runtimejson

    表示被依赖的jar不须要参与项目的编译,可是后期的测试和运行周期须要参与。
  • providedmaven

    打包的时候不须要包含进去,其余的Container会提供该依赖支持,理论上该依赖能够参与编译、测试运行等周期 ,至关于compile,可是在打包阶段作了exclude命令。
  • system分布式

    从参与环境来看,和provided相同,可是被依赖项不会从maven仓库获取,而是从本地文件系统获取,必定须要配合 systemPath属性使用
  • importide

    This scope is only supported on a dependency of type pom in the <dependencyManagement> section.

依赖传递特性

官方解释:传送门spring-boot

  • Dependency mediation (最近依赖原则)测试

    "nearest definition" means that the version used will be the closest one to your project in the tree of dependencies. For example, if dependencies for A, B, and C are defined as A -> B -> C -> D 2.0 and A -> E -> D 1.0, then D 1.0 will be used when building A because the path from A to D through E is shorter. You could explicitly add a dependency to D 2.0 in A to force the use of D 2.0.

    根据依赖深度,选择依赖路径最近的package version, 若是依赖深度相同,那么选择前一个。Note that if two dependency versions are at the same depth in the dependency tree, the first declaration wins.

  • Dependency management

    依赖管理(项目做者可直接指定依赖版本)

  • Dependency scope 如上一节所述
  • Excluded dependencies 排除依赖包中依赖项
  • Optional dependencies (至关于设置不容许将该依赖传递下去)

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经常使用命令

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