Hadoop 2.9.1 on Ubuntu 16.04

时间 2020-06-16 标签 hadoop 2.9.1 2 9 1 ubuntu 16.04 16 04

Hadoop 2.9.1 on Ubuntu 16.04java

环境配置

3台机器虚拟机 ubuntu16.04node

10.64.104.177  hadoop-master
10.64.104.178  hadoop-node1
10.64.104.179  hadoop-node2

一、安装jdk

# 三台机器均要安装
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install default-jdk

java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_181"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-8u181-b13-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-b13)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

# 添加JAVA_HOME
cat << EOF >> ~/.bashrc
#HADOOP VARIABLES START
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64
export HADOOP_INSTALL=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib/native
export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib"
#HADOOP VARIABLES END
EOF
source ~/.bashrc

二、建立帐户

sudo useradd -m hadoop -s /bin/bash //添加用户
sudo passwd hadoop  //建立密码
sudo  adduser hadoop sudo   //sudo 受权

三、主机名及 hosts配置

# 设置3台机器的主机名
hostnamectl  set-hostname  hadoop-master
hostnamectl  set-hostname  hadoop-node1
hostnamectl  set-hostname  hadoop-node2

# 添加 host
cat << EOF >> /etc/hosts
10.64.104.177  hadoop-master
10.64.104.178  hadoop-node1   
10.64.104.179  hadoop-node2   
EOF

四、SSH免密

# 在hadoop-master 
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
ssh-keygen -t rsa 回车 回车 回车
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  hadoop@10.64.104.178:.ssh/
scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  hadoop@10.64.104.179:.ssh/

# 在hadoop-node1,hadoop-node2 
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

安装Hadoop

配置hadoop-master的hadoop环境

一、下载（当前最新的stable 版本为2.9.1）
Hadoop 的安装包从这里能够下载: http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.9.1/hadoop-2.9.1.tar.gz
二、解压
sudo tar xvf hadoop-2.9.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local
sudo mv /usr/local/hadoop-2.9.1 /usr/local/hadoop
sudo chown -R hadoop.hadoop /usr/local/hadoop/ 
三、hadoop环境变量配置
cat <<EOF>> ~/.bashrc
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
EOF

# 当即生效
source ~/.bashrc

四、配置hadoop 配置文件

# 修改以下篇日志文件，三台机都要进行这些操做
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves

1) 修改JAVA_HOME
vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh 
## 配置项
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64

2)修改Hadoop核心配置文件/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml，经过fs.default.name指定NameNode的IP地址和端口号，经过hadoop.tmp.dir指定hadoop数据存储的临时文件夹。

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp</value>
        <description>Abase for other temporary directories.</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://hadoop-master:9000</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

特别注意：如没有配置hadoop.tmp.dir参数，此时系统默认的临时目录为：/tmp/hadoo-hadoop。而这个目录在每次重启后都会被删除，必须从新执行format才行，不然会出错。

3)配置hdfs-site.xml
修改HDFS核心配置文件/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml，经过dfs.replication指定HDFS的备份因子为3，经过dfs.name.dir指定namenode节点的文件存储目录，经过dfs.data.dir指定datanode节点的文件存储目录。

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>2</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.name.dir</name>
        <value>/usr/local/hadoop/hdfs/name</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.data.dir</name>
        <value>/usr/local/hadoop/hdfs/data</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

4)配置masters 文件
修改/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/masters文件，该文件指定namenode节点所在的服务器机器。删除localhost，添加namenode节点的主机名hadoop-master；不建议使用IP地址，由于IP地址可能会变化，可是主机名通常不会变化。
cat << EOF >> /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
EOF

5)配置slaves文件（Master主机特有）
该文件指定哪些服务器节点是datanode节点。删除locahost，添加全部datanode节点的主机名
cat << EOF >> /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-node1
hadoop-node2
EOF

配置hadoop-node的hadoop环境

下面以配置hadoop-node1的hadoop为例进行演示，用户需参照如下步骤完成其余hadoop-node2~3服务器的配置。
1)复制hadoop 到 hadoop-node1 节点
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop
rsync -avz /usr/local/hadoop hadoop-node1:/usr/local/hadoop

2) 添加hadoop环境
cat <<EOF>> ~/.bashrc
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
EOF
source ~/.bashrc

3) 登陆hadoop-node1服务器，删除slaves内容

rm -rf /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves

其它节点配置如上

启动 Hadoop

启动集群
一、格式化HDFS文件系统

进入master的~/hadoop目录，执行如下操做

bin/hadoop namenode -format
格式化namenode，第一次启动服务前执行的操做，之后不须要执行。

二、而后启动hadoop：

sbin/start-all.sh
三、使用jps命令查看运行状况
jps
#master 执行 jps查看运行状况
hadoop@hadoop-master:/usr/local/hadoop$ jps 
27893 SecondaryNameNode
28070 ResourceManager
27657 NameNode
30635 Jps
26078 ResourceManager
#slave 执行 jps查看运行状况
hadoop@hadoop-node1:~$ jps 
26832 DataNode
27956 NodeManager
28093 Jps

四、命令查看Hadoop集群的状态

经过简单的jps命令虽然能够查看HDFS文件管理系统、MapReduce服务是否启动成功，可是没法查看到Hadoop整个集群的运行状态。咱们能够经过hadoop dfsadmin -report进行查看。用该命令能够快速定位出哪些节点挂掉了，HDFS的容量以及使用了多少，以及每一个节点的硬盘使用状况。

hadoop dfsadmin -report
输出结果：

Configured Capacity: 50108030976 (46.67 GB)
Present Capacity: 41877471232 (39.00 GB)
DFS Remaining: 41877385216 (39.00 GB)
DFS Used: 86016 (84 KB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
Under replicated blocks: 0
Blocks with corrupt replicas: 0
Missing blocks: 0
Missing blocks (with replication factor 1): 0
......

五、hadoop 重启

sbin/stop-all.sh
sbin/start-all.sh

六、查看hadoop状态
http://${hadoop-master}:50070
http://${hadoop-master}:8088

FAQ

Q1: hadoop-node2: Error: JAVA_HOME is not set and could not be found.apache

这个错误意思没有找到jdk的环境变量，须要在hadoop-env.sh配置。ubuntu

vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh 
## 配置项
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64