Apache2.4.29+Tomcat 8.5.29负载均衡群集最强解析
公司是做电商的，线上的应用服务器大多都是Apache+Tomcat或者Nginx+Tomcat ,虽然之前也对Apache和Nginx的配置文件熟悉，可对这种负载均衡群集配置还不是太熟悉，而日常工作经常需要搞这些东西，所以下决心搞明白哈哈哦。结合公司的线上配置，结合官方的文档说明，特整理如下，方便以后查阅，毕竟好记性不如烂笔头。
一：本文涉及的相关环境和软件版本
IP :192.168.86.129/24 ，通过NAT模式同宿主机相连
CentOS-7.4-minimal、http://isoredirect.centos.org/centos/7/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso
Apache/2.4.29 (Unix)、http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#apache24
Apr/1.6.3、https://apr.apache.org/download.cgi#aprutil1
Apr-util/1.6.1、https://apr.apache.org/download.cgi#aprutil1
Tomcat/8.5.29、https://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi
jdk-8u161-linux-x64、http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
tomcat-connectors-1.2.43 http://tomcat.apache.org/download-connectors.cgi
二：安装基础环境（本文安装包均提前下载放在/opt下）
[[email protected] opt]# yum -y install wget unzip lrzsz openssl openssl-devel autoconf libtool gcc*
执行yum命令时若出现这个错误：Error: database disk image is malformed
这是说明yum的缓存出错，需要清理缓存，执行yum clean dbcache命令即可
配置环境时configure的主要工作就是生成Makefile，编译源码时的make命令就是根据Makefile来进行编译
1.安装apr/apr-util/pcre
[[email protected] opt]# rpm -q apr
apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64
[[email protected] opt]# rpm -q apr-util
apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64
[[email protected] opt]# rpm -e apr --nodeps
[[email protected] opt]# rpm -e apr-util --nodeps
[[email protected] opt]# tar zxvf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
[[email protected] opt]# cd apr-1.6.3
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
报错如下图
网上的方法：http://www.noobyard.com/article/p-suwrplhz-dh.html （$RM "$cfgfile这一行注释，在configure文件30976行）
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# make && make install
成功会有以下提示
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 /opt/apr-1.6.3/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/apr/build-1
for f in make_exports.awk make_var_export.awk; do \
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /opt/apr-1.6.3/build/${f} /usr/local/apr/build-1; \
done
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /opt/apr-1.6.3/build/apr_common.m4 /usr/local/apr/build-1
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /opt/apr-1.6.3/build/find_apr.m4 /usr/local/apr/build-1
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
这时候/usr/local下就会有apr的目录文件
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# cd ../
[[email protected] opt]# tar zxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[[email protected] opt]# cd apr-util-1.61
[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
发现报错fatal error: expat.h: No such file or directory
解决办法：根据提示安装expat包，yum -y install expat-devel，之后再重新编译。
成功会有以下提示
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/usr/local/apr-util//lib
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the '-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
during execution
- add LIBDIR to the 'LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
during linking
- use the '-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to '/etc/ld.so.conf'
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/apr-util//lib
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/apr-util//bin/apu-1-config
[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.1]# cd ..
[[email protected] opt]# cd pcre-8.41
[[email protected] pcre-8.41]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
[[email protected] pcre-8.41]# make && make install
成功会有以下提示
ln -sf pcre_get_substring_list.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_get_substring_list.3
ln -sf pcre_jit_exec.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_jit_exec.3
ln -sf pcre_jit_stack_alloc.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_jit_stack_alloc.3
ln -sf pcre_jit_stack_free.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_jit_stack_free.3
ln -sf pcre_maketables.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_maketables.3
ln -sf pcre_pattern_to_host_byte_order.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_pattern_to_host_byte_order.3
ln -sf pcre_refcount.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_refcount.3
ln -sf pcre_study.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_study.3
ln -sf pcre_utf32_to_host_byte_order.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_utf32_to_host_byte_order.3
ln -sf pcre_version.3 /usr/local/pcre/share/man/man3/pcre32_version.3
make[3]: Leaving directory `/opt/pcre-8.41'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/pcre-8.41'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/pcre-8.41'
至于为什么要安装这些东西，请看官方文档
2.安装apache
最好以root安装和启动Apache，以root运行之后，apache就会把它的派生进程切换到非root用户
[[email protected] pcre-8.41]# cd ..
[[email protected] opt]# tar zxvf httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz
[[email protected] opt]# cd httpd-2.4.29ith-apr=
[[email protected] httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so --enable-cgi --enable-ssl --enable-rewrite --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-banlancer --with-zlib --w/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-ssl=/etc/pki/tls --enable-mods-shared=all --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre
简单解释如下
--prefix=/usr/local/httpd 安装到此文件夹
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd2.4 指定配置文件路径
--enable-so 启动模块动态装卸载
--enable-ssl 编译ssl模块
--enable-cgi 支持cgi机制（能够让静态web服务器能够解析动态请求的一个协议）
--enable-rewrite 支持url重写
--with-zlib 支持数据包压缩
--with-pcre 支持正则表达式
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr 指明依赖的apr所在目录
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ 指明依赖的apr-util所在的目录
--enable-modules=most 用most可以将一些不常用的，不在缺省常用模块中的模块编译进来
--enable-mods-shared=all 意思是动态加载所有模块，如果去掉-shared话，是静态加载所有模块
--enable-mpms-shared=all 以共享方式编译的模块
--with-mpm=event 指明httpd的工作方式为event
查看apache有那几个mpm
# ./configure --help|grep mpm
查看apache可以加载那些模块
./configure --help|grep enable
官网的解释如下
编译参数--with-ssl可以指明路径也可以不指，如果要指，可以通过下面命令openssl version -a查看
编译为三种都支持：--enable-mpms-shared=all，这样在编译的时候会在modules目录下自动编译出三个MPM文件的so，然后通过修改httpd.conf配置文件更改MPM（去掉LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_*.so相应的模块注释）
在apache的早期版本2.0默认prefork,2.2版本是worker，2.4版本是event
[[email protected] ~]# openssl version -a
OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
built on: reproducible build, date unspecified
platform: linux-x86_64
options: bn(64,64) md2(int) rc4(16x,int) des(idx,cisc,16,int) idea(int) blowfish(idx)
compiler: gcc -I. -I.. -I../include -fPIC -DOPENSSL_PIC -DZLIB -DOPENSSL_THREADS -D_REENTRANT -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H -DKRB5_MIT -m64 -DL_ENDIAN -Wall -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -Wa,--noexecstack -DPURIFY -DOPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT5 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m -DRC4_ASM -DSHA1_ASM -DSHA256_ASM -DSHA512_ASM -DMD5_ASM -DAES_ASM -DVPAES_ASM -DBSAES_ASM -DWHIRLPOOL_ASM -DGHASH_ASM -DECP_NISTZ256_ASM
OPENSSLDIR: "/etc/pki/tls"
engines: rdrand dynamic
[[email protected] httpd-2.4.29]# make && make install
成功会有如下提示
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/icons
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/logs
Installing CGIs
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/cgi-bin
Installing header files
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/include
Installing build system files
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/build
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29'
3.安装connectors
[[email protected] opt]# tar zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.43-src.tar.gz
[[email protected] opt]# cp -ar tomcat-connectors-1.2.43-src /usr/local/
[[email protected] opt]# cd /usr.local/tomcat-connectors-1.2.43-src
[[email protected] tomcat-connectors-1.2.43-src]# cd native/
[[email protected] native]# ./buildconf.sh
buildconf: checking installation...
buildconf: autoconf version 2.69 (ok)
buildconf: libtool version 2.4.2 (ok)
buildconf: libtoolize --automake --copy
buildconf: aclocal
buildconf: autoheader
buildconf: automake -a --foreign --copy
buildconf: autoconf
[[email protected] native]# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs
[[email protected] native]# make && make install
编译后红箭头的文件变大，这是我自己发现的，哈哈哦
[[email protected] native]# cd apache-2.0/
[[email protected] apache-2.0]# ls
bldjk54.qclsrc config.m4 Makefile.apxs Makefile.in mod_jk.a mod_jk.la mod_jk.o NWGNUmakefile
bldjk.qclsrc Makefile Makefile.apxs.in Makefile.vc mod_jk.c mod_jk.lo mod_jk.so
[[email protected] apache-2.0]# cp mod_jk.so /usr/local/httpd/modules/
cp: overwrite ‘/usr/local/httpd/modules/mod_jk.so’? y
4.安装tomcat/jdk
[[email protected] apache-2.0]# cd /opt
[[email protected] opt]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.29.tar.gz
[[email protected] opt]# cp -ar apache-tomcat-8.5.29 /usr/local/apache-tomcat8
[[email protected] opt]# tar zxvf jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz
[[email protected] opt]# cp -ar jdk1.8.0_161/ /usr/local/
配置全局环境变量 vi /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_161
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_161/jre
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_161/bin
export CLASSPATH=./:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_161/lib:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_161/jre/lib
刷新变量使其生效source /etc/profile
至此搞一段落，基础软件已安装完毕。