在前面的 polls 中有个小 bug ： Poll.was_published_recently() 在Poll的发布时间在将来的时候也返回 Truepython
经过 admin页面能够很容易的验证，经过 Shell 也可以检测出这个bug。 python manage.py shellweb
>>> import datetime >>> from django.utils import timezone >>> from polls.models import Poll >>> # create a Poll instance with pub_date 30 days in the future >>> future_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)) >>> # was it published recently? >>> future_poll.was_published_recently() True
一般项目在创建的时候会自动创建一个模拟的tests.py文件，所有删除后改为这样。shell
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase
from polls.models import Poll
class PollMethodTests(TestCase):
def test_was_published_recently_with_future_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for polls whose
pub_date is in the future
"""
future_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30))
self.assertEqual(future_poll.was_published_recently(), False)
创建一个 django.test.TestCase 的子类 PollMethodTests , 在其中创建了一个测试方法 test_was_published_recently_with_future_poll() ，使用 assertEqual() 来验证。数据库
python manage.py test polls
测试的执行流程django
polls/models.py浏览器
def was_published_recently(self):
now = timezone.now()
return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date < now
再次运行测试，经过app
1天以内返回 True工具
超过1天返回 False测试
def test_was_published_recently_with_old_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for polls whose pub_date
is older than 1 day
"""
old_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30))
self.assertEqual(old_poll.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return True for polls whose pub_date
is within the last day
"""
recent_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1))
self.assertEqual(recent_poll.was_published_recently(), True) 经过工具来模拟web的行为url
创建测试环境
>>> from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment >>> setup_test_environment()
导入测试类
>>> from django.test.client import Client >>> client = Client()
系列测试
访问 / 返回404
>>> response = client.get('/')
>>> response.status_code 使用reverse方法访问视图
>>> from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
>>> response = client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
>>> response.status_code
>>> response.content 访问 /polls/
>>> from polls.models import Poll
创建一个新Poll
>>> from django.utils import timezone
>>> p = Poll(question="Who is your favorite Beatle?", pub_date=timezone.now())
>>> p.save()
>>> response = client.get('/polls/')
>>> response.content
>>> response.context['latest_poll_list'] 不显示将来发表的Poll，修改 view.py 中的get_queryset() 方法.
from django.utils import timezone
...
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Return the last five published polls (not including those set to be
published in the future).
"""
return Poll.objects.filter(
pub_date__lte=timezone.now()
).order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
__lte的方式来筛选记录可使用浏览器测试，也能够经过增长 tests.py的方式测试。
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
def create_poll(question, days):
"""
Creates a poll with the given `question` published the given number of
`days` offset to now (negative for polls published in the past,
positive for polls that have yet to be published).
"""
return Poll.objects.create(question=question,
pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days))
class PollViewTests(TestCase):
def test_index_view_with_no_polls(self):
"""
If no polls exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.
"""
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_poll_list'], [])
def test_index_view_with_a_past_poll(self):
"""
Polls with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the index page.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll.", days=-30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_poll_list'],
['<Poll: Past poll.>']
)
def test_index_view_with_a_future_poll(self):
"""
Polls with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on the
index page.
"""
create_poll(question="Future poll.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.", status_code=200)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_poll_list'], [])
def test_index_view_with_future_poll_and_past_poll(self):
"""
Even if both past and future polls exist, only past polls should be
displayed.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll.", days=-30)
create_poll(question="Future poll.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_poll_list'],
['<Poll: Past poll.>']
)
def test_index_view_with_two_past_polls(self):
"""
The polls index page may display multiple polls.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll 1.", days=-30)
create_poll(question="Past poll 2.", days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_poll_list'],
['<Poll: Past poll 2.>', '<Poll: Past poll 1.>']
)
create_poll 用于构造数据
空Poll状况
test_index_view_with_no_polls
正常显示过去的Poll
test_index_view_with_a_past_poll
将来的不显示
test_index_view_with_a_future_poll
过去将来同时存在，只显示过去
test_index_view_with_future_poll_and_past_poll
显示多个polls
test_index_view_with_two_past_polls
防止猜想来直接访问将来的poll
修改 DetailView方法
class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
...
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Excludes any polls that aren't published yet.
"""
return Poll.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now())
Poll.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now())
增长测试
访问将来的poll test_detail_view_with_a_future_poll
访问过去的poll test_detail_view_with_a_past_poll
class PollIndexDetailTests(TestCase):
def test_detail_view_with_a_future_poll(self):
"""
The detail view of a poll with a pub_date in the future should
return a 404 not found.
"""
future_poll = create_poll(question='Future poll.', days=5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_poll.id,)))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
def test_detail_view_with_a_past_poll(self):
"""
The detail view of a poll with a pub_date in the past should display
the poll's question.
"""
past_poll = create_poll(question='Past Poll.', days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_poll.id,)))
self.assertContains(response, past_poll.question, status_code=200) 若是设置 handler404, 状态返回始终是 200, 测试将来的始终报错