利用python-docx批量处理Word文件——表格（二）样式控制

表格样式能够分为两种：一要表格的自身的样式，好比边框，对齐方式、背景等，别一种是表格中文字的样式。本文的内容包括：html

1. 表格样式
   • 表格的对齐方式：居中、居左、居右
   • 表格的亮度和高度
   • 表格边框
2. 表格内容的样式
   • 字体、字号
   • 文字的对齐方式
   • 文字颜色

一次性引入下面会用到的库：python

from docx.enum.style import WD_STYLE_TYPE
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Cm,Pt,RGBColor
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT
from docx.enum.table import WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH

1.表格样式

1.1 利用docx已经定义好的样式

docx定义了大量的样式库，能够直接使用，通常都能知足需求，使用方法以下：web

方法1： 建立表格时设置api

d=Document()
 d.add_table(2,3,style='style_name')

方法2： 表格建立完成后再设置app

table.style='style_name'

关于style_name请看python-docx表格样式列表
也能够用如下代码输出全部style的名称：less

d=Document()
styles=d.styles
for s in styles:
    if s.type==WD_STYLE_TYPE.TABLE:
        print(s.name)

d.save('style.docx')

1.2 自定义表格样式

1.2.1 表格宽度

(1)table.autofit=True可使表格自动适应窗口大小。ide

(2)table.cell(row,col).width=Cm(4)svg

• 能够设置每一个单元格的宽，同列单元格宽度相同，若是定义了不一样的宽度将以最大值准。
• 宽度的单位也能够是Pt或Inches

(3)table.columns[0].width=Cm(2)字体

• API中有这样的方法，可是实验发现不能生效，感兴趣的能够研究。

1.2.2表格高度

(1)table.rows[0].height=Cm(12)ui

• 宽度不能用的方法高度却能够用，单位一样能够是Pt或Inches

(2)table.cell(row,col).height=Cm(4)

• API有定义，可是不生效，恰好和宽度相反。

(3)这里还看到另外一种方式，不过我并无看懂，感兴趣的能够研究。

1.2.3 表格对齐方式

table.alignment=WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER|WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.LEFT|WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.RIGHT

1.2.4表格边框的宽度和颜色

目录尚未找到可行方法

2.表格内容样式

2.1文字的对齐方式

（1）水平对齐方式
table.cell(r,c).paragraphs[0].paragraph_format.alignment=WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER

• WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT|WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.RIGHT

(2)垂直对齐方式
table.cell(r,c).vertical_alignment = WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.CENTER

• WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.TOP|WD_ALIGN_VERTICAL.BOTTOM
• 这里我就想吐槽一下，垂直方向的居中应该middle

（2）字体、字号 和颜色
方法1：

run=tb.cell(r,c).paragraphs[0].add_run(text)
run.font.name='宋体'
run.font.size=Pt(18)
run.font.color.rgb=RGBColor(233,123,12)

• 这种方法适用于给单元格赋值的同时修改字体样式
• 实验发现，字体的设置只对英文及数据生效，对汉字不生效

方法2：

table.style.font.size=Pt(18)
table.style.font.name='黑体'
table.style.font.color.rgb=RGBColor(231,212,123)

• 这种方法能够修改整个表格的字体属性
• 字体的设置一样对汉字不生效

2.3 字体的其它属性

字体的经常使用属性docx都有定义，若是有须要再去研究。如下是table.style.font的帮助文档：
Help on Font in module docx.text.font object:

class Font(docx.shared.ElementProxy)
| Proxy object wrapping the parent of a <w:rPr> element and providing
| access to character properties such as font name, font size, bold, and
| subscript.
|
| Method resolution order:
| Font
| docx.shared.ElementProxy
| builtins.object
|
| Data descriptors defined here:
|
| all_caps
| Read/write. Causes text in this font to appear in capital letters.
|
| bold
| Read/write. Causes text in this font to appear in bold.
|
| color
| A |ColorFormat| object providing a way to get and set the text color
| for this font.
|
| complex_script
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the characters in the
| run to be treated as complex script regardless of their Unicode
| values.
|
| cs_bold
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the complex script
| characters in the run to be displayed in bold typeface.
|
| cs_italic
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the complex script
| characters in the run to be displayed in italic typeface.
|
| double_strike
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
| to appear with double strikethrough.
|
| emboss
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
| to appear as if raised off the page in relief.
|
| hidden
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
| to be hidden from display, unless applications settings force hidden
| text to be shown.
|
| highlight_color
| A member of :ref:WdColorIndex indicating the color of highlighting
| applied, or None if no highlighting is applied.
|
| imprint
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text in the run
| to appear as if pressed into the page.
|
| italic
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, causes the text of the run
| to appear in italics. |None| indicates the effective value is
| inherited from the style hierarchy.
|
| math
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies this run contains
| WML that should be handled as though it was Office Open XML Math.
|
| name
| Get or set the typeface name for this |Font| instance, causing the
| text it controls to appear in the named font, if a matching font is
| found. |None| indicates the typeface is inherited from the style
| hierarchy.
|
| no_proof
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies that the contents
| of this run should not report any errors when the document is scanned
| for spelling and grammar.
|
| outline
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the characters in the
| run to appear as if they have an outline, by drawing a one pixel wide
| border around the inside and outside borders of each character glyph.
|
| rtl
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the text in the run
| to have right-to-left characteristics.
|
| shadow
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the text in the run
| to appear as if each character has a shadow.
|
| size
| Read/write |Length| value or |None|, indicating the font height in
| English Metric Units (EMU). |None| indicates the font size should be
| inherited from the style hierarchy. |Length| is a subclass of |int|
| having properties for convenient conversion into points or other
| length units. The :class:docx.shared.Pt class allows convenient
| specification of point values::
|
| >> font.size = Pt(24)
| >> font.size
| 304800
| >> font.size.pt
| 24.0
|
| small_caps
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the lowercase
| characters in the run to appear as capital letters two points smaller
| than the font size specified for the run.
|
| snap_to_grid
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the run to use the
| document grid characters per line settings defined in the docGrid
| element when laying out the characters in this run.
|
| spec_vanish
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies that the given run
| shall always behave as if it is hidden, even when hidden text is
| being displayed in the current document. The property has a very
| narrow, specialized use related to the table of contents. Consult the
| spec (§17.3.2.36) for more details.
|
| strike
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True| causes the text in the run
| to appear with a single horizontal line through the center of the
| line.
|
| subscript
| Boolean indicating whether the characters in this |Font| appear as
| subscript. |None| indicates the subscript/subscript value is
| inherited from the style hierarchy.
|
| superscript
| Boolean indicating whether the characters in this |Font| appear as
| superscript. |None| indicates the subscript/superscript value is
| inherited from the style hierarchy.
|
| underline
| The underline style for this |Font|, one of |None|, |True|, |False|,
| or a value from :ref:WdUnderline. |None| indicates the font
| inherits its underline value from the style hierarchy. |False|
| indicates no underline. |True| indicates single underline. The values
| from :ref:WdUnderline are used to specify other outline styles such
| as double, wavy, and dotted.
|
| web_hidden
| Read/write tri-state value. When |True|, specifies that the contents
| of this run shall be hidden when the document is displayed in web
| page view.

后记：关于python-docx表格样式的控制就写这么多了，若是有其它需求你们能够在留言区提问，或着查阅相关资料。水平有限，还有诸多问题没有解决，欢迎交流。