PyQt5练习：结合matplotlib绘图
参考网上的例子，实现了简单的matplotlib pyqt5绘图
相关知识点：
（1）pyqt5中添加控件要在布局中添加
（2）布局能够使用replaceWidget替换控件
（3）信号与槽机制html
timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
timer.timeout.connect(self.update_figure)
self.btnPlot.clicked.connect(self.plotButton_callback)
实现的效果
python
import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, uic
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, qApp, QApplication, QMessageBox, QVBoxLayout, QSizePolicy, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
qtCreatorFile = "matplotlib_ui.ui"
# 使用uic加载
Ui_MainWindow, QtBaseClass = uic.loadUiType(qtCreatorFile)
class MyMplCanvas(FigureCanvas):
"""这是一个窗口部件，即QWidget（固然也是FigureCanvasAgg）"""
def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
# 每次plot()调用的时候，咱们但愿原来的坐标轴被清除(因此False)
self.axes.hold(False)
self.axes.grid('on')
self.compute_initial_figure()
#
FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
self.setParent(parent)
FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
QSizePolicy.Expanding,
QSizePolicy.Expanding)
FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)
def compute_initial_figure(self):
pass
class MyStaticMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):
"""静态画布：一条正弦线"""
def compute_initial_figure(self):
t = np.arange(0.0, 3.0, 0.01)
s = np.sin(2 * np.pi * t)
self.axes.grid('on')
self.axes.plot(t, s)
class MyDynamicMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):
"""动态画布：每秒自动更新，更换一条折线。"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
MyMplCanvas.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
timer.timeout.connect(self.update_figure)
timer.start(1000)
def compute_initial_figure(self):
self.axes.grid('on')
self.axes.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 0, 4], 'r')
def update_figure(self):
# 构建4个随机整数，位于闭区间[0, 10]
l = [np.random.randint(0, 10) for i in range(4)]
self.axes.grid('on')
self.axes.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], l, 'r')
self.draw()
class MyApp(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
def __init__(self):
QMainWindow.__init__(self)
Ui_MainWindow.__init__(self)
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
self.initBtn()
self.initFrame()
def initFrame(self):
self.main_widget = self.frame
self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self.main_widget)
self.f = MyMplCanvas(self.main_widget)
self.layout.addWidget(self.f)
def initUI(self):
self.setupUi(self)
self.setWindowTitle("PyQt5结合Matplotlib绘图")
self.setWindowIcon(QIcon("rocket.ico")) # 设置图标，linux下只有任务栏会显示图标
self.show()
def initBtn(self):
self.btnPlot.clicked.connect(self.plotButton_callback)
self.btnPlot.setToolTip("Button")
def plotButton_callback(self):
self.drawFrame()
def drawFrame(self):
sc = MyStaticMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
dc = MyDynamicMplCanvas(self.f, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
self.layout.addWidget(sc)
self.layout.replaceWidget(self.f,dc) # 替换控件
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = MyApp()
sys.exit(app.exec_())