1、springmvc配置应用上下文有两种方式:
1)第一种是配置一个Servlet WebApplicationContext和Root WebApplicationContext
Servlet WebApplicationContext是springmvc使用
Root WebApplicationContext是全局配置,比如:事务管理、数据源
2)第二种是配置Root WebApplicationContext对单个DispatcherServlet
2、配置web.xml
这里使用第一种配置方法
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!--配置spring前端控制器 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置初始化root WebApplicationContext --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 字符编码过滤器 统一编码UTF-8 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
3、web.xml解析过程
1)web项目启动,容器(tomcat)创建ServletContext————由tomcat代码实现
2)容器开始读取web.xml文件
3)读取<context-param></context-param>作为键值对存到ServletContext中
4)触发ServletContextEvent事件
spring的ContextLoaderListener监听器继承ContextLoader类,实现ServletContextListener接口
ServletContextListener接口监听ServletContextEvent事件
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener { ... }
5)ContextLoaderListener执行初始化方法
创建root WebApplicationContext,并以键值对放入ServletContext中
6)web.xml的加载顺序是:context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet ,而同个类型之间的实际程序启动的顺序是根据对应的mapping定义的顺序进行启动的
4、配置spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- 基于注解的自动装配 --> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 只扫描Controller --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.study.resources"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan> <!-- 开启注解驱动 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 使用默认的Servlet来响应静态文件 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 配置视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
5、spring-mvc.xml说明
1)<context:annotation-config />
打开自动装配
2)<context:component-scan></context:component-scan>
打开自动扫描,此处只扫描Controller注解
3)<mvc:annotation-driven />
开启mvc的注解驱动,自动注册默认处理请求,参数和返回值的类
4)<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
静态页面,如html、css、js、images可以访问
6、配置applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> <!-- 注解bean扫描,spring扫描排除Controller --> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.study"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan> <!-- 下面可以导入其他spring配置文件 --> </beans>
7、在src下建立测试controller
package com.study.resources; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("mvc") public class TestController { @RequestMapping("hello") private String hello() { return "hello"; } }
8、在WEB-INF下新建jsp文件夹,新建hello.jsp文件
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> Hello! </body> </html>
9、启动tomcat,访问测试页面:http://127.0.0.1:8080/webapp/mvc/hello
10、其他注意事项
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
这段url-pattern如果写成 /* 会拦截jsp页面,导致浏览器不能正确解析jsp页面,直接显示源代码
参考资料:
1)总结下ServletContext和ApplicationContext
http://www.noobyard.com/article/p-kluufaop-ud.html
2)web.xml 中的listener、 filter、servlet 加载顺序及其详解
http://www.noobyard.com/article/p-ejbbhopd-e.html